WEATHER · CLIMATE NORMALS · 1991–2020
Moscow Climate — Averages by Month
What the weather in Moscow, RUaverages across a standard 30-year period. Each month's figure is the 1991–2020 mean temperature and total rainfall from the ERA5 reanalysis — the long-run normal a place settles around, not a forecast for any particular day.
Month-by-month normals
| Month | Avg temperature | Avg rainfall |
|---|---|---|
| January | -7.0 °C · coldest | 45.9 mm |
| February | -6.7 °C | 40.0 mm |
| March | -1.6 °C | 39.2 mm |
| April | 6.3 °C | 41.1 mm |
| May | 13.3 °C | 62.6 mm |
| June | 17.0 °C | 76.6 mm |
| July | 19.3 °C · warmest | 80.2 mm · wettest |
| August | 17.2 °C | 71.3 mm |
| September | 11.6 °C | 61.0 mm |
| October | 5.4 °C | 63.5 mm |
| November | -1.0 °C | 51.1 mm |
| December | -5.0 °C | 47.2 mm |
How to read these numbers
These are reanalysis normals, not readings from a single weather station. They come from the ERA5 0.25° (~25 km) global reanalysis grid, sampled at the grid cell nearest Moscow — centred at 55.75°N, 37.50°E. A reanalysis blends observations with a physics model onto an even grid, so a coastal or mountain city's cell can read a little cooler, warmer, wetter or drier than the city centre itself. The month-to-month shape — when it's hot, when it rains — is what these normals capture best.
“Normal” means the 1991–2020 average, the current World Meteorological Organization standard period. A normal is what a place tends toward over decades — any single day, month or year can and will depart from it.